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An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria in the phylum Bacillota. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The name "endospore" is suggestive of a spore or seed-like form ( endo means 'within'), but it is not a true spore (i.e., not an offspring).
Bacteria existing at the leaf surfaces may respond to the available photosynthetic products and migrate into the leaf tissue by chemotaxis toward nutrient concentration gradients. Once the bacteria are inside the leaf tissue, they cannot be washed away, presenting a risk to consumers. [ 8 ]
Endospore staining is a technique used in bacteriology to identify the presence of endospores in a bacterial sample. [1] Within bacteria, endospores are protective structures used to survive extreme conditions, including high temperatures making them highly resistant to chemicals. [ 2 ]
Fig1. The sporulation process of Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria that is naturally found in soil and vegetation, and is known for its ability to form a small, tough, protective and metabolically dormant endospore.
Endospore-forming bacteria can cause disease; for example, anthrax can be contracted by the inhalation of Bacillus anthracis endospores, and contamination of deep puncture wounds with Clostridium tetani endospores causes tetanus, which, like botulism, is caused by a toxin released by the bacteria that grow from the spores. [101]
Sporomusa ovata is a species of bacteria with characteristic banana-shaped cells. Its cells are strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative, endospore-forming, straight to slightly curved rods that are motile by means of lateral flagella. [1] It has been the subject of much research into electrosynthesis of energy-containing carbon chains. [2] [3]
Bacterial spores are not part of a sexual cycle, but are resistant structures used for survival under unfavourable conditions. [4] Myxozoan spores release amoeboid infectious germs ("amoebulae") into their hosts for parasitic infection, but also reproduce within the hosts through the pairing of two nuclei within the plasmodium, which develops ...
If conditions become unfavorable for normal life, Ca. D. audaxviator forms a bacterial endospore, safeguarding its DNA from heat, extreme pH, and the lack of water. [6] A 2021 study reported further findings in West Siberia, as well as in Death Valley, California. [7] [8]