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In human anatomy, the acromion (from Greek: akros, "highest", ōmos, "shoulder", pl.: acromia) is a bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade). Together with the coracoid process, it extends laterally over the shoulder joint. The acromion is a continuation of the scapular spine, and hooks over anteriorly.
The range of motion at the shoulder may be limited by pain. A painful arc of movement may be present during forward elevation of the arm from 60° to 120°. [4] Passive movement at the shoulder will appear painful when a downward force is applied at the acromion but the pain will ease once the force is removed. [2]
The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is located between the acromion (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the clavicle. The glenohumeral joint , to which the term " shoulder joint " commonly refers, is a ball-and-socket joint that allows the arm to rotate in a circular fashion or to hinge out and up away from the body.
The coracoacromial ligament originates from the summit of the acromion of the scapula, just in front of the articular surface for the clavicle. [1] It inserts by its broad base along the whole length of the lateral border of the coracoid process of the scapula. [1] The clavicle and under surface of the deltoid muscle are above it.
A number of small fluid-filled sacs known as synovial bursae are located around the capsule to aid mobility: Between the joint capsule and the deltoid muscle is the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa. Between the capsule and the acromion is the subacromial bursa. The subcoracoid bursa is between the capsule and the coracoid process of the scapula.
Shoulder problems, including pain, are common [20] and can relate to any of the structures within the shoulder. [21] The primary cause of shoulder pain is a rotator cuff tear . [ 20 ] The supraspinatus is most commonly involved in a rotator cuff tear, [ 22 ] but other parts of the rotator cuff may also be involved.
The SSB bursa is located deep to the deltoid muscle and the coracoacromial arch and extends laterally beyond the humeral attachment of the rotator cuff, anteriorly to overlie the intertubercular groove, medially to the acromioclavicular joint, and posteriorly over the rotator cuff.
Acromial angle is a prominent bony point at the junction of the lateral border of acromion and the spine of scapula. [1] [2] Additional images. Left scapula. Animation.