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Greek art emphasized humanism along with the human mind and the human body's beauty. [8] Greek youths trained and competed in athletic contests in the nude. A great contribution to the contrapposto pose was the concept of a canon of proportions, in which mathematical properties are used to create proportions.
The figura serpentinata is a variant or development of the pose. The term is usually applied only to art from the Renaissance onwards, and Donatello is often regarded as its inventor. [4] While in all these periods the S-curve originated in sculpture, it was also used in two-dimensional figures in various other media.
In the comic book industry, photo-referencing is criticized by some as a technique used to disguise the weakness of the artist's technical capability. Award-winning comic creator Alison Bechdel [3] also uses extensive photo reference, frequently photographing herself in the poses of the characters she draws in order to convey body language accurately.
A sketch may serve a number of purposes: it might record something that the artist sees, it might record or develop an idea for later use or it might be used as a quick way of graphically demonstrating an image, idea or principle. Sketching is the most inexpensive art medium. [5] Sketches can be made in any drawing medium.
One of the earliest examples of this type is the rabbit–duck illusion, first published in Fliegende Blätter, a German humor magazine. [1] Other classic examples are the Rubin vase , [ 2 ] and the " My Wife and My Mother-in-Law " drawing, the latter dating from a German postcard of 1888.
Figure drawing by Leonardo da Vinci. A figure drawing is a drawing of the human form in any of its various shapes and postures, using any of the drawing media. The term can also refer to the act of producing such a drawing. The degree of representation may range from highly detailed, anatomically correct renderings to loose and expressive sketches.
Caricature of Aubrey Beardsley by Max Beerbohm (1896), taken from Caricatures of Twenty-five Gentlemen. A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon).
Reverse perspective, also called inverse perspective, [1] inverted perspective, [2] divergent perspective, [3] [4] or Byzantine perspective, [5] is a form of perspective drawing where the objects depicted in a scene are placed between the projective point and the viewing plane.