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Smoke inhalation injury, either by itself but more so in the presence of body surface burn, can result in severe lung-induced morbidity and mortality. [3] The most common cause of death in burn centers is now respiratory failure.
Smoke inhalation is the breathing in of harmful fumes (produced as by-products of combusting substances) through the respiratory tract. [1] This can cause smoke inhalation injury (subtype of acute inhalation injury) which is damage to the respiratory tract caused by chemical and/or heat exposure, as well as possible systemic toxicity after smoke inhalation.
Causes may include sepsis, pancreatitis, trauma, pneumonia, and aspiration. [1] The underlying mechanism involves diffuse injury to cells which form the barrier of the microscopic air sacs of the lungs, surfactant dysfunction, activation of the immune system, and dysfunction of the body's regulation of blood clotting. [5]
It can result from blunt or penetrating trauma to the neck or chest, [3] inhalation of harmful fumes or smoke, or aspiration of liquids or objects. [4] Though rare, TBI is a serious condition; it may cause obstruction of the airway with resulting life-threatening respiratory insufficiency. [2] Other injuries accompany TBI in about half of cases ...
E954 Suicide and self-inflicted injury by submersion ; E955 Suicide and self-inflicted injury by firearms, air guns and explosives; E956 Suicide and self-inflicted injury by cutting and piercing instrument; E957 Suicide and self-inflicted injury by jumping from high places; E958 Suicide and self-inflicted injury by other and unspecified means
Acute lung injury may cause pulmonary edema directly through injury to the vasculature and parenchyma of the lung, causes include: Inhalation of hot or toxic gases [12] (including vaping-associated lung injury) Pulmonary contusion, i.e., high-energy trauma (e.g. vehicle accidents) Aspiration, e.g., gastric fluid
Besides causing silicosis, inhalation of silica can cause or exacerbate COPD. It can also impair lung function in general and cause cancer by oxidation damage. It is classified as a "known human carcinogen" (Group 1 carcinogen) by the IARC. Exposure is common for people working in tunneling, quarrying, construction, sandblasting, roadway repair ...
Most (69%) burn injuries occur at home or at work (9%), [15] and most are accidental, with 2% due to assault by another, and 1–2% resulting from a suicide attempt. [25] These sources can cause inhalation injury to the airway and/or lungs, occurring in about 6%. [4] Burn injuries occur more commonly among the poor. [25]