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Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; [1] [6] it is a type of viral hepatitis. [7] It can cause both acute and chronic infection . [ 1 ]
Viral hepatitis is liver inflammation due to a viral infection. [1] [2] It may present in acute form as a recent infection with relatively rapid onset, or in chronic form, typically progressing from a long-lasting asymptomatic condition up to a decompensated hepatic disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Acute hepatitis B; Acute hepatitis C; Acute hepatitis D – this is a superinfection with the delta-agent in a patient already infected with hepatitis B; Acute hepatitis E; Chronic viral hepatitis; Other viral hepatitis viruses may exist but their relation to the disease is not firmly established like the previous ones (hepatitis F, GB virus C ...
The origin of hepatitis B virus can be traced back to the 5th century BCE and is even mentioned in Babylonian clay tablets. Hippocrates later described an epidemic of jaundice among his patients that was characterized by the yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes. Jaundice is a clinical sign of hepatitis B viral infection.
Hepatitis B is the most common cause of viral hepatitis in the world with more than 240 million chronic carriers of the virus, 1 million of whom are in the United States. [30] [105] In approximately two-thirds of patients who develop acute hepatitis B infection, no identifiable exposure is evident. [17]
070.2 Hepatitis B with hepatic coma; 070.3 Hepatitis B w/o coma, acute; 070.4 Other specified viral hepatitis with mention of hepatic coma; 070.5 Other specified viral hepatitis without mention of hepatic coma; 070.7 Unspecified viral Hepatitis C. 070.70 Unspecified viral Hepatitis C w/o hepatic coma; 070.71 Unspecified viral Hepatitis C with ...
For example, while heavy alcohol consumption is estimated to cause 60–70% of cirrhosis, the vast majority of HCC occurs in cirrhosis attributed to viral hepatitis (although there may be overlap). [10] Recognized risk factors include: Chronic viral hepatitis (estimated cause of 80% cases globally) Chronic hepatitis B (about 50% cases)
Diagnostic methods that can identify influenza include viral cultures, antibody- and antigen-detecting tests, and nucleic acid-based tests. Treatment of influenza in cases of mild or moderate illness is supportive and includes anti-fever medications such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen , adequate fluid intake to avoid dehydration, and resting at ...