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Differences in vascular permeability between normal tissue and a tumor. Vascular permeability, often in the form of capillary permeability or microvascular permeability, characterizes the capacity of a blood vessel wall to allow for the flow of small molecules (drugs, nutrients, water, ions) or even whole cells (lymphocytes on their way to the site of inflammation) in and out of the vessel.
Serum concentration of VEGF is high in bronchial asthma and diabetes mellitus. [3] VEGF's normal function is to create new blood vessels during embryonic development, new blood vessels after injury, muscle following exercise, and new vessels (collateral circulation) to bypass blocked vessels. It can contribute to disease.
Overexpression of VEGF causes increased permeability in blood vessels in addition to stimulating angiogenesis. In wet macular degeneration , VEGF causes proliferation of capillaries into the retina. Since the increase in angiogenesis also causes edema , blood and other retinal fluids leak into the retina , causing loss of vision.
[5] [8] Endothelial dysfunction may also lead to increased adherence of monocytes and macrophages, as well as promoting infiltration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the vessel wall. [9] Oxidized LDL is a hallmark feature of atherosclerosis, [ 10 ] by promoting the formation of foam cells , monocyte chemotaxis , and platelet activation ...
Increased permeability of the blood vessels results in an exudation (leakage) of plasma proteins and fluid into the tissue , which manifests itself as swelling (tumor). Some of the released mediators such as bradykinin increase the sensitivity to pain ( hyperalgesia , dolor ).
The excessive extracellular fluid (interstitial fluid) in edemas is to a substantial degree caused by an increased permeability of the smallest blood vessels (capillaries). This permeability is modulated by numerous biochemical chain reactions and can therefore be unbalanced by many influences. [29]
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the build-up of plaque inside your blood vessels. It can lead to stenosis, which is a narrowing of your artery walls. Plaque is a fatty substance made up of:
The increased permeability of tumor-associated endothelial cells permits macromolecules to leave the blood system and directly enter the tumor interstitial space. There is also a retention effect that allows these macromolecules to stay at tumor sites due to the suppression of lymphatic infiltration. [ 17 ]
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related to: increased permeability of blood vessels- 262 Neil Avenue # 430, Columbus, Ohio · Directions · (614) 221-7464
