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These four muscles have different actions, but in general assist in elevating the hyoid bone and widening the esophagus during swallowing.When the two bellies of the digastric contract, they pull upward on the hyoid bone; but if the hyoid is fixed from below, the digastric assists in extreme opening of the mouth such as yawning or taking a large bite of an apple. [1]
The digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two 'bellies') is a bilaterally paired suprahyoid muscle located under the jaw.Its posterior belly is attached to the mastoid notch of temporal bone, and its anterior belly is attached to the digastric fossa of mandible; the two bellies are united by an intermediate tendon which is held in a loop that attaches to the hyoid bone.
The inferior mental spines are the points of origin of the geniohyoid muscle, [2] one of the suprahyoid muscles, and the superior mental spines are the origin of the genioglossus muscle, one of the muscles of the tongue. Mental spines are important landmarks in clinical practice.
The stylohyoid muscle is one of the suprahyoid muscles. [1] Its originates from the styloid process of the temporal bone ; it inserts onto hyoid bone. It is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve .
The mylohyoid muscle is flat and triangular, and is situated immediately superior to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. It is a pharyngeal muscle (derived from the first pharyngeal arch) and classified as one of the suprahyoid muscles. Together, the paired mylohyoid muscles form a muscular floor for the oral cavity of the mouth. [2]
The geniohyoid is a paired short muscle that arises from the inferior mental spine, on the back of the mandibular symphysis, and runs backward and slightly downward, to be inserted into the anterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone. [2]: 346 It lies in contact with its fellow of the opposite side. It thus belongs to the suprahyoid muscles.
Anatomy figure: 25:01-03 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Identification of the subdivsions of the anterior triangle and corresponding borders." Anatomy photo:25:19-0101 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Anterior Triangle of the Neck: The Submental Triangle"
The submental lymph nodes (or suprahyoid lymph nodes [citation needed]) are 2-3 lymph nodes [1] situated in the submental triangle, [1] between the anterior bellies of the digastric muscle and the hyoid bone.