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Babesia, [3] [4] also called Nuttallia, [5] is an apicomplexan parasite that infects red blood cells and is transmitted by ticks.Originally discovered by Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeș in 1888; over 100 species of Babesia have since been identified.
In mild-to-moderate babesiosis, the treatment of choice is a combination of atovaquone and azithromycin. This regimen is preferred to clindamycin and quinine because it has fewer side effects. The standard course is 7 to 10 days, but this is extended to at least 6 weeks in people with relapsing disease.
Babesia microti is a parasitic blood-borne piroplasm transmitted by deer ticks. B. microti is responsible for the disease babesiosis , a malaria -like zoonosis which causes fever, hemolytic anemia caused by hemolysis , and enlarged spleen.
Babesia divergens is an intraerythrocytic parasite, transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus. [1] It is the most common cause of human babesiosis . [ 2 ] It is the main agent of bovine babesiosis , or "redwater fever", in Europe.
Babesia bovis is transmitted transovarially, from the female ticks to the eggs, and can remain resident in tick populations for up to four years without infecting a vertebrate host. More commonly, a larval tick feeds upon a domestic cow, an African buffalo or a water buffalo , releasing the parasites into the animal's bloodstream.
Babesia canis is a parasite that infects red blood cells and can lead to anemia. [1] This is a species that falls under the overarching genus Babesia . It is transmitted by the brown dog tick ( Rhipicephalus sanguineus ) and is one of the most common piroplasm infections. [ 2 ]
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. [5] This includes the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available. [5] [6] While sometimes used for nocturnal leg cramps, quinine is not recommended for this purpose due to the risk of serious side effects. [5]
Babesia bigemina is a species of alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa and the family Babesiidae, a type of protozoan parasite. In cattle, it causes babesiosis , also called "Texas fever". Its length is 4–5 μm and its width is 2–3 μm.