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The bacteria gains access to the periapical region of the tooth through deeper infection of the pulp, traveling through the roots. The resulting pulpal necrosis causes proliferation of epithelial rests of Malassez which release toxins at the apex of the tooth. The body's inflammatory response will attack the source of the toxins, leading to ...
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Periapical granuloma, [1] also sometimes referred to as a radicular granuloma or apical granuloma, is an inflammation at the tip of a dead (nonvital) tooth. It is a lesion or mass that typically starts out as an epithelial lined cyst, and undergoes an inward curvature that results in inflammation of granulation tissue at the root tips of a dead tooth.
The diagnosis of pulp necrosis can be based on the following observations: negative vitality, a periapical radiolucency, a grey tooth discoloration and even peri-apical lesions. [17] This altered translucency in the tooth is due to disruption and cutting off of the apical neurovascular blood supply. [18]
Periapical dental radiograph showing chronic periapical periodontitis on the root of the left maxillary second premolar. Note large restoration present in the tooth, which will have undergone pulpal necrosis at some point before the development of this lesion. Specialty: Endodontics [1] Complications
It exhibits as an "inverted pear-shaped radiolucency" on radiographs, or X-ray films. The globulomaxillary cyst often causes the roots of adjacent teeth to diverge. This cyst should not be confused with a nasopalatine cyst. The developmental origin has been disputed.
On radiographs, the adenomatoid odontogenic tumor presents as a radiolucency (dark area) around an unerupted tooth extending past the cementoenamel junction. It should be differentially diagnosed from a dentigerous cyst and the main difference is that the radiolucency in case of AOT extends apically beyond the cementoenamel junction.
This condition arises as a response to dental infections, such as periapical pulp inflammation or low-intensity trauma. The lesion typically appears as a radiopacity in the periapical area due to the sclerotic reaction. While most commonly associated with non-vital teeth, condensing osteitis can also occur in vital teeth following occlusal trauma.