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SMA syndrome is also known as Wilkie's syndrome, cast syndrome, mesenteric root syndrome, chronic duodenal ileus and intermittent arterio-mesenteric occlusion. [3] It is distinct from nutcracker syndrome, which is the entrapment of the left renal vein between the AA and the SMA, although it is possible to be diagnosed with both conditions. [4]
Isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (ISMAD) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that causes acute abdominal pain. It refers to a dissection that occurs solely in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), typically spontaneously, and does not involve the aorta . [ 1 ]
Visceroptosis is a known risk factor for the development of Superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Visceroptosis also is known as Glénard's disease (after French physician Frantz Glénard [1848–1920]). Glénard's theory – the theory that abdominal ptosis is a nutritional disease with atrophy and prolapse of the intestine
A computed tomography angiogram showing stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery (arrow). Abdominal angina is diagnosed by identifying stenosis with imaging. [10] Since the symptoms of abdominal angina overlap with various other disorders, other causes of symptoms are ruled out as a part of the diagnostic process.
The nutcracker syndrome results from compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. The nutcracker syndrome ( NCS ) results most commonly from the compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the abdominal aorta (AA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA), although other variants exist.
There are four mechanisms by which poor blood flow occurs: a blood clot from elsewhere getting lodged in an artery, a new blood clot forming in an artery, a blood clot forming in the superior mesenteric vein, and insufficient blood flow due to low blood pressure or spasms of arteries. [3] [6] Chronic disease is a risk factor for acute disease. [7]
In addition, ischemic colitis is a well-recognized complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, when the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery is covered by the aortic graft. [13] [14] In a 1991 review concerning 2137 patients the accidental inferior mesenteric artery ligation was the most common cause (74%) of ischemic colitis. [15]
Ultrasonography may be useful in some cases of volvulus, depicting a "whirlpool sign" where the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein have twisted. [ 7 ] Upper gastrointestinal series is the modality of choice for the evaluation of malrotation, as it will often show an abnormal position of the duodenum and duodeno-jejunal ...