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In classical and late antiquity wreaths or crowns (Ancient Greek: στέφανος, romanized: stéphanos, lit. 'wreath', 'crown'; Latin: corona, lit. 'wreath', 'garland', 'chaplet') usually made of vegetation or precious metals were worn on ceremonial occasions and were awarded for various achievements. The symbolism of these different types ...
The Crown of Immortality, held by the allegorical figure Eterna (Eternity) on the Swedish House of Knights fresco by David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl. The Crown of Immortality is a literary and religious metaphor traditionally represented in art first as a laurel wreath and later as a symbolic circle of stars (often a crown, tiara, halo or aureola).
Whereas ancient laurel wreaths are most often depicted as a horseshoe shape, modern versions are usually complete rings. [citation needed] In common modern idiomatic usage, a laurel wreath or "crown" refers to a victory. The expression "resting on one's laurels" refers to someone relying entirely on long-past successes for continued fame or ...
Crown of justification on an encaustic Fayum mummy portrait with the name Isidora ("gifts of Isis") given in Greek (100-110 CE). In ancient Egyptian religion, the crown of justification (mꜣḥ n mꜣꜥ ḫrw [1]) was a wreath or fillet worn by the deceased to represent victory over death in the afterlife.
Wreaths were worn as crowns by Etruscan rulers. The Etruscan symbolism continued to be used in Ancient Greece and Rome. Roman magistrates also wore golden wreaths as crowns, as a symbolic testament to their lineage back to Rome's early Etruscan rulers.
The Book of Revelation in the New Testament makes extensive use of the crown motif, associating it with shared rulership for the saints in heaven (2:10, 3:11, 4:4) conquering (6:2) and ultimate rulership (14:14, 19:12). This suggests that the association was clearly understood in the Graeco-Roman world.
Bust of an empress, possibly Vibia Sabina, wearing a stephane, c. AD 134 –147. A stephane (ancient Greek στέφανος, from στέφω (stéphō, “I encircle”), Lat. Stephanus = wreath, decorative wreath worn on the head; crown) was a decorative headband or circlet made of metal, often seen on depictions of high-status ancient Roman and Greek women, [1] [2] [3] as well as goddesses. [4]
Crown of King of Persis Ardakhshir II, 1st century BC. Crowns have been discovered in pre-historic times from Haryana, India. [4] The precursor to the crown was the browband called the diadem, which had been worn by the Achaemenid Persian emperors. It was adopted by Constantine I and was worn by all subsequent rulers of the later Roman Empire ...