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Zinc is a strong reducing agent with a standard redox potential of −0.76 V. Pure zinc tarnishes rapidly in air, rapidly forming a passive layer. The composition of this layer can be complex, but one constituent is probably basic zinc carbonate, Zn 5 (OH) 6 CO 3. [8] The reaction of zinc with water is slowed by this passive layer.
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .
Related to the preparation of Lucas' reagent, tetrachlorozincates are often generated by combining hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride. A related anion is [Zn 2 Cl 6] 2−, in which again Zn(II) adopts a tetrahedral geometry. [2] Portion of the crystal structure of the salt hexaacetonitrilenickel(II) tetrachlorozincate ([Ni(CH 3 CN) 6] 2+ [ZnCl ...
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
The reaction produces a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol via a 1,2-addition. The Barbier reaction is advantageous because it is a one-pot process: the organozinc reagent is generated in the presence of the carbonyl substrate. Organozinc reagents are also less water sensitive, thus this reaction can be conducted in water.
The Reformatsky reaction (sometimes transliterated as Reformatskii reaction) is an organic reaction which condenses aldehydes or ketones with α-halo esters using metallic zinc to form β-hydroxy-esters: [1] [2] The Reformatsky reaction. The organozinc reagent, also called a 'Reformatsky enolate', is prepared by treating an alpha-halo ester ...
The major drawback of the Negishi coupling, aside from its water and oxygen sensitivity, is its relative lack of functional group tolerance when compared to other cross-coupling reactions. [ 39 ] (−)-stemoamide is a natural product found in the root extracts of ‘’Stemona tuberosa’’.
Zinc cyanide is the inorganic compound with the formula Zn 2. It is a white solid that is used mainly for electroplating zinc but also has more specialized applications for the synthesis of organic compounds .