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A labor dispute is a disagreement between an employer and employees regarding the terms of employment. This could include disputes regarding conditions of employment , fringe benefits , hours of work , tenure , and wages to be negotiated during collective bargaining , or the implementation of already agreed upon terms. [ 1 ]
A lockout is a work stoppage or denial of employment initiated by the management of a company during a labor dispute. [1] In contrast to a strike, in which employees refuse to work, a lockout is initiated by employers or industry owners.
According to Peter Ackers and Adrian Wilkinson in their work titled, Understanding Work and Employment: Industrial Relations in Transition, labour law involved items can include, "the contract of employment, regulatory legislation (such as health and safety measures), the conduct of industrial disputes, and questions of trade union government". [5]
Modern US labor law mostly comes from statutes passed between 1935 and 1974, and changing interpretations of the US Supreme Court. [11] However, laws regulated the rights of people at work and employers from colonial times on. Before the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the common law was either uncertain or hostile to labor rights. [12]
The National Labor Relations Act of 1935, also known as the Wagner Act, is a foundational statute of United States labor law that guarantees the right of private sector employees to organize into trade unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take collective action such as strikes.
A great variety of disputes occur in the workplace, including disputes between staff members, allegations of harassment, contractual disputes and workers compensation claims. [12] At large, workplace disputes are between people who have an ongoing working relationship within a closed system, which indicate that mediation or a workplace ...
The Harlan County War was a violent, nearly decade-long conflict between miners and mine operators who adamantly resisted unionization. It consisted of skirmishes, executions, bombings, and strikes. The incidents involved coal miners and union organizers on one side and coal firms and law enforcement officials on the other. [102]
Organizational conflict, or workplace conflict, is a state of discord caused by the actual or perceived opposition of needs, values and interests between people working together. Conflict takes many forms in organizations. There is the inevitable clash between formal authority and power and those individuals and groups affected.