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The red nucleus is pale pink, which is believed to be due to the presence of iron in at least two different forms: hemoglobin and ferritin. [2] The structure is located in the midbrain tegmentum next to the substantia nigra and comprises caudal magnocellular and rostral parvocellular components. [ 1 ]
The substantia nigra (SN) is a basal ganglia structure located in the midbrain that plays an important role in reward and movement. Substantia nigra is Latin for "black substance", reflecting the fact that parts of the substantia nigra appear darker than neighboring areas due to high levels of neuromelanin in dopaminergic neurons. [1]
Within the tegmentum, the red nucleus is in charge of motor coordination (specifically for limb movements) and the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) contains critical circuits for modulating behavioral responses to pains. The substantia nigra (black substance) serves an important role in rewarding behaviors such as approaching desired objects ...
The tegmentum area includes various different structures, such as the rostral end of the reticular formation, several nuclei controlling eye movements, the periaqueductal gray matter, the red nucleus, the substantia nigra, and the ventral tegmental area. [3] The tegmentum is the location of several cranial nerve nuclei. The nuclei of CN III and ...
The subthalamus develops efferent (output) connections to the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) in the telencephalon, to the dorsal thalamus (medial and lateral nuclear groups) in the diencephalon, and to the red nucleus and substantia nigra in the mesencephalon. It receives afferent (input) connections from the substantia nigra and striatum.
The same for the substantia nigra pars reticulata. [11] The subthalamic nucleus sends axons to another regulator: the pedunculo-pontine complex (id). The lateropallido-subthalamic system is thought to play a key role in the generation of the patterns of activity seen in Parkinson's disease. [20]
The red nucleus is situated laterally and oculomotor fibers are situated ventromedially to the VTA. [5] The pons and the hindbrain lie caudally to the VTA. Finally, the substantia nigra is located laterally to the VTA. [6]
Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus; Midbrain reticular formation; Dorsal raphe nucleus; Red nucleus; Ventral tegmental area. Parabrachial pigmented nucleus; Paranigral nucleus; Rostromedial tegmental nucleus; Caudal linear nucleus; Rostral linear nucleus of the raphe; Interfascicular nucleus; Substantia nigra. Pars ...