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Gender-affirming surgery can also refer to operations pursued by cisgender people, such as mammaplasty, penile implant, or testicular implants following orchiectomy. [11] Gender-affirming surgery is often sensationalized and misrepresented by anti-trans activists through terms such as genital-mutilation surgery. [12] [13] [14]
Intersex medical interventions (IMI), sometimes known as intersex genital mutilations (IGM), [1] are surgical, hormonal and other medical interventions performed to modify atypical or ambiguous genitalia and other sex characteristics, primarily for the purposes of making a person's appearance more typical and to reduce the likelihood of future problems.
The first physician to perform sex reassignment surgery in the United States was Los Angeles-based urologist Elmer Belt, who quietly performed operations from the early 1950s until 1968. [citation needed] In 1966, Johns Hopkins University opened the first sex reassignment surgery clinic in America. The Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic was made up ...
The history of intersex surgery is intertwined with the development of the specialities of pediatric surgery, pediatric urology, and pediatric endocrinology, with our increasingly refined understanding of sexual differentiation, with the development of political advocacy groups united by a human qualified analysis, and in the last decade by doubts as to efficacy, and controversy over when and ...
Intersex conditions have been documented since antiquity, and began to be studied by doctors in the late 1800s. [6] Medical professionals in Great Britain, France, and the U.S. began searching for definitive markers to determine what was thought to be the intersex person's true sex. [6]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 9 December 2024. Atypical congenital variations of sex characteristics This article is about intersex in humans. For intersex in other animals, see Intersex (biology). Not to be confused with Hermaphrodite. Intersex topics Human rights and legal issues Compulsory sterilization Discrimination Human rights ...
An advocacy group for transgender veterans filed a second lawsuit against the government over its exclusion of gender-affirming surgery from veteran health benefits.
Less than 1% of post-operative trans patients regret surgery. [44] Gender-affirming surgery alone may not eliminate dysphoria or suicidality, and some trans people may need further mental health care in addition to surgery. [45] Some researchers have expressed a need for further high-quality research on mental health outcomes following surgery ...