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Occupational segregation is the distribution of workers across and within occupations, based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender. [1] Other types of occupational segregation include racial and ethnicity segregation, and sexual orientation segregation.
The Duncan Segregation Index is a measure of occupational segregation based on gender that measures whether there is a larger than expected presence of one gender over another in a given occupation or labor force by identifying the percentage of employed women (or men) who would have to change occupations for the occupational distribution of men and women to be equal.
Segregation by gender in the labor force is extremely high, hence the reason why there remain so many disparities and inequalities among men and women of equitable qualifications. The division of labor is a central feature for gender based inequality. It influences the structure both based on its economic aspects and construction of identities.
Gender discrimination in the workplace is still present today in many places of the world, which can be attributed to occupational segregation. Occupational segregation occurs when groups of people are distributed across occupations according to ascribed characteristics; in this case, gender. [39]
Occupational segregation [39] or horizontal segregation [40] refers to disparity in pay associated with occupational earnings. A 2022 research study, conducted by Folbre et al., illustrates how the concentration of women in care occupations contributes significantly to the gender pay gap. [41]
Gender-based occupational segregation is a prominent issue in US politics and government at all levels, including local, state, and national. This issue impacts democracy because a society cannot claim to have achieved gender equality and democratic legitimacy if women and men do not feel that they have equal opportunities to pursue their ...
Gender stereotypes influence how leaders are chosen by employers and how workers of different sex are treated. Another stereotype towards women in workplaces is known as the "gender status belief" which claims that men are more competent and intelligent than women, which would explain why they have higher positions in the career hierarchy.
According to the model, outcome of the occupational segregation is wage differentials between the two genders. The reasons for segregation may be socialization, individual decisions, or labor market discrimination. [29] Wage differentials occur when the job opportunities or demand for the female-dominated sector is less than the supply of women ...