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In 1840, Queen Victoria married her German cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. The couple had nine children, who themselves married into various royal families, and the queen thus became known as the 'grandmother of Europe'. [20] [11] In 1861, Albert died. [19] Victoria went into mourning and withdrew from public life for ten years. [11]
Society and culture of the Victorian era refers to society and culture in the United Kingdom during the Victorian era--that is the 1837-1901 reign of Queen Victoria. The idea of "reform" was a motivating force, as seen in the political activity of religious groups and the newly formed labour unions.
Victorians standardised the rules for association football, or soccer, based on a range of games already played, such as the Eton wall game.; Walter Clopton Wingfield invented the game of lawn tennis, which allowed young men and women to socialise together, and to get more exercise than by playing the sedate game of croquet.
Victoria and Albert's hopes of a liberal Germany would go unfulfilled, as Wilhelm was a firm believer in autocracy. Victoria thought he had "little heart or Zartgefühl [tact] – and ... his conscience & intelligence have been completely wharped ". [187] Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old.
George Jennings (10 November 1810 – 17 April 1882) was an English sanitary engineer and plumber who invented the first public flush toilets.. Josiah George Jennings was born on 10 November 1810 in Eling, at the edge of the New Forest in Hampshire.
In other words, it became more economically sensible to invest more in fewer children. This is known as the first demographic transition. This trend continued till around 1950. (The second demographic transition occurred due to the significant cultural shifts of the 1960s, leading to the decline in the desire for children.) [5]
The early Victorian era before the reforms of the 1840s became notorious for the employment of young children in factories and mines and as chimney sweeps. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset: novelist Charles Dickens , for example, worked at the age of 12 in a blacking factory, with ...
Canada maintained strong ties with the Queen. Victoria in British Columbia and Victoria County in Nova Scotia were named after her, Regina in Saskatchewan in her honour, Prince Edward Island her father, and Alberta her daughter. Her birthday, Victoria Day, is an official public holiday in Canada. In addition, her daughter Princess Louise was ...