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Heat treating furnace at 1,800 °F (980 °C) Heat treating (or heat treatment) is a group of industrial, thermal and metalworking processes used to alter the physical, and sometimes chemical, properties of a material.
A forge fire for hot working of metal. In metallurgy, hot working refers to processes where metals are plastically deformed above their recrystallization temperature. Being above the recrystallization temperature allows the material to recrystallize during deformation.
Most definitions of the term 'refractory metals' list the extraordinarily high melting point as a key requirement for inclusion. By one definition, a melting point above 4,000 °F (2,200 °C) is necessary to qualify, which includes iridium, osmium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, rhodium, ruthenium and hafnium. [2]
In 1742, French chemist Paul Jacques Malouin described a method of coating iron by dipping it in molten zinc in a presentation to the French Royal Academy.. In 1772, Luigi Galvani, for whom galvanizing was named, discovered the electrochemical process that takes place between metals during an experiment with frog legs.
Rolling schematic view Rolling visualization. In metalworking, rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed through one or more pairs of rolls to reduce the thickness, to make the thickness uniform, and/or to impart a desired mechanical property.
Spray transfer GMAW. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), sometimes referred to by its subtypes metal inert gas (MIG) and metal active gas (MAG) is a welding process in which an electric arc forms between a consumable MIG wire electrode and the workpiece metal(s), which heats the workpiece metal(s), causing them to fuse (melt and join).
Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons (in the form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons) and positively charged metal ions.
Electric circuit with metal and a battery U. The arrows indicate the direction of the electric field E and the electric current density j.. Qualitatively, this relationship is based upon the fact that the heat and electrical transport both involve the free electrons in the metal.