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The Puerto Rican cuatro (Spanish: cuatro puertorriqueño) is the national instrument of Puerto Rico. It belongs to the lute family of string instruments , and is guitar -like in function, but with a shape closer to that of the violin.
A Puerto Rican Cuatro. The Puerto Rican cuatro is shaped more like a viola than a guitar, and is the most familiar [clarification needed] of the three instruments of the Puerto Rican orquesta jíbara (i.e., the cuatro, the tiple and the bordonua). The Puerto Rican cuatro has ten strings in five courses, tuned in fourths from low to high, with B ...
As a result, the Puerto Rican tres is shaped like a Puerto Rican cuatro, with cut-outs, unlike the Cuban variety, which has a guitar-like shape. By 1934, the Puerto Rican cuatro had reached New York and nowadays most Puerto Rican tres players specialize in their national adaptation of the instrument, a notable exception being Nelson González ...
Cordero has composed a large catalogue distinguished by its Caribbean flavor. He has written eight concertos (four for guitar, two for violin, one for flute/piccolo and one for the Puerto Rican cuatro), orchestral compositions, a variety of chamber works in which the guitar appears in diverse ensembles, and numerous guitar solos, some of which have become standards.
Tomás Rivera Morales, [note 1] simply known as "Maso Rivera" (November 13, 1927 – February 4, 2001), was a Puerto Rican musician and a major exponent of Puerto Rico's Jíbaro music. Rivera composed over 1,000 instrumental compositions for the Cuatro , Puerto Rico's national instrument.
The Puerto Ricans in Hawaii "worked hard and played hard" and lightened the load for other plantation workers with their music. [4] In Hawaii, the Puerto Ricans played their music with six-string guitar, güiro, and the Puerto Rican cuatro. [10] [11] Maracas and "palitos" sticks could be heard in the music around the 1930s. [12]
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The vihuela de mano, an ancestor of the guitar, which had several variations including a five-course version. The Puerto Rican bordonua, a bass instrument most commonly having ten strings in five courses, although eight and twelve string versions also exist. The Puerto Rican Cuatro, with ten strings in five doubled courses. [10]