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The California Constitution originally made the Supreme Court the only appellate court for the whole state. As the state's population skyrocketed during the 19th century, the Supreme Court was expanded from three to seven justices, and then the Court began hearing the majority of appeals in three-justice panels.
California voters rejected two initiatives to repeal the death penalty by popular vote in 2012 and 2016, and they narrowly adopted in 2016 another proposal to expedite its appeal process. [10] On August 26, 2021, the California Supreme Court upheld the state's death penalty rules though as of 2024 executions have yet to resume. [11]
The chief judges of these Court of Claims and the CCPA served on the conference until 1982 when their courts merged to become the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. [3] In 1990, Congress provided for the inclusion of the chief judge of the United States Court of International Trade . [ 3 ]
Collateral estoppel (CE), known in modern terminology as issue preclusion, is a common law estoppel doctrine that prevents a person from relitigating an issue. One summary is that, "once a court has decided an issue of fact or law necessary to its judgment, that decision ... preclude[s] relitigation of the issue in a suit on a different cause of action involving a party to the first case". [1]
In California, one party appeared pro se in 2/3 of all domestic relations cases and in 40% of all child custody cases between 1991 and 1995. California reports in 2001 that over 50% of the filings in custody and visitation are by pro se litigants. Urban courts report that approximately 80% of the new divorce filings are filed pro se. [2]
The Uniform Law Commission (ULC), also called the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, [3] is a non-profit, American unincorporated association. . Established in 1892, the ULC aims to provide U.S. states (plus the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) with well-researched and drafted model acts to bring clarity and stability to critical areas of ...
For instance, the Speedy Trial Act prioritized criminal matters, Supreme Court rulings have expanded criminal defendants’ procedural safeguards, and the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure’s ...
In the United States, federal case law dictates the privileges permissible and prohibited in federal trials, [2] while state case law governs their scope in state courts. A common rule for both the communications privilege and the testimonial privilege is that, "absent a lawful marriage, civil union, or domestic partnership, there is no privilege."