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2. Lye - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lye

   "Hot process" soap making also uses lye as the main ingredient. Lye is added to water, cooled for a few minutes and then added to oils and butters. The mixture is then cooked over a period of time (1–2 hours), typically in a slow cooker , and then placed into a mold.

3. Sodium hydroxide - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide

   Lye water is an essential ingredient in the crust of the traditional baked Chinese moon cakes. Most yellow coloured Chinese noodles are made with lye water but are commonly mistaken for containing egg. One variety of zongzi uses lye water to impart a sweet flavor. Sodium hydroxide causes gelling of egg whites in the production of century eggs.

4. Melt and pour - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_and_pour

   Some soapmakers prefer "melt and pour" because the process is simple and safe, allowing the soapmaker to concentrate more on the aesthetic aspects of soap making. Because it avoids the need to handle lye , a hazardous and very caustic chemical, it is a hobby even children can enjoy under adult supervision.

5. Potash - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potash

   In the late 15th century, London was the lead importer due to its position as the centre of soft soap making while the Dutch dominated as suppliers and consumers in the 16th century. [19] From the 1640s, geopolitical disruptions (i.e. Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) ) meant that the centres of export moved from the Baltic to Archangelsk , Russia.

6. Soap - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap

   A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]

7. Saponification value - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification_value

   Handmade soap makers who aim for bar soap use sodium hydroxide (NaOH), commonly known as lye, rather than KOH (caustic potash) which produces soft paste, gel or liquid soaps. In order to calculate the lye amount needed to make bar soap, KOH values of SV can be converted to NaOH values by dividing KOH values by the ratio of the molecular weights ...