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The renminbi (RMB, also known as Chinese yuan; ISO code: CNY) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China. [1] Although it is not a freely convertible currency , and has an official exchange rate , the CNY plays an important role in the world economy and international trade .
Since the Chinese economic reforms of 1978, China has become the world's biggest exporter, second largest economy and biggest manufacturer in the world. [4] [5] For most of its early history, the renminbi was pegged to the U.S. dollar at ¥2.46 per USD. During the 1970s it was revalued, until it reached ¥1.50 per USD in 1980.
China's foreign exchange reserves are held by People's Bank of China, China's central bank. [3] The total of the reserves is regularly announced by the central bank. In December 2024, China's reserves totalled US $3.202 trillion, which is the highest foreign exchange reserves of any country [4]
China's foreign exchange reserves are a critical aspect of its economic strategy, reflecting its growth and integration into the global economy. With a current level of approximately $3.19 trillion, these reserves not only provide economic security but also enhance China's influence on the global financial stage.
De facto exchange-rate arrangements in 2022 as classified by the International Monetary Fund. Floating ( floating and free floating ) Soft pegs ( conventional peg , stabilized arrangement , crawling peg , crawl-like arrangement , pegged exchange rate within horizontal bands )
A mutiny is taking place in the global currency market, with a growing number of countries ditching the U.S. dollar in favor of China’s yuan — at least, that’s the rumor going around.
With Chinese companies unable to hold US dollars and foreign companies unable to hold Chinese yuan, all transactions would go through the People's Bank of China. Once the sum was paid by the foreign party in dollars, the central bank would pass the settlement in renminbi to the Chinese company at the state-controlled exchange rate.
Currency quotations use the abbreviations for currencies that are prescribed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in standard ISO 4217.The major currencies and their designation in the foreign exchange market are the US dollar (USD), Euro (EUR), Japanese yen (JPY), British pound (GBP), Australian dollar (AUD), Canadian dollar (CAD), and the Swiss franc (CHF).