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Baghdadi Arabic is the Arabic dialect spoken in Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. During the 20th century, Baghdadi Arabic has become the lingua franca of Iraq, and the language of commerce and education. It is considered a subset of Iraqi Arabic. [1]
Classical Arabic /q/ has remained as a uvular (or post-velar) stop, [a] like Christian Baghdad Arabic, but unlike in Muslim Baghdad Arabic where it is pronounced as [ɡ]. /k/ is retained as [k] , like in Christian Baghdadi, but unlike the Muslim dialect where it is sometimes [tʃ] .
Baghdad Jewish Arabic is reminiscent of the dialect of Mosul. For example, "I said" is qeltu in the speech of Baghdadi Jews and Christians, as well as in Mosul and Syria, as against Muslim Baghdadi gilit. [24] Some Judeo-Arabic writers, such as Maimonides, were able to switch between varieties of Judeo-Arabic and the Standard Arabic dialect.
The best known variety is Baghdad Jewish Arabic, although other dialects were spoken in Mosul and elsewhere. The vast majority of Iraqi Jews have relocated to Israel and switched to Modern Hebrew as their first language. The 2014 film Farewell Baghdad is mostly in Baghdad Jewish Arabic. It was the first movie filmed in Judeo-Iraqi Arabic.
The name Baghdad is pre-Islamic, and its origin is disputed. [9] The site where the city of Baghdad developed has been populated for millennia. Archaeological evidence shows that the site of Baghdad was occupied by various peoples long before the Arab conquest of Mesopotamia in 637 CE, and several ancient empires had capitals located in the surrounding area.
The daily language of the majority of Iraqis is Mesopotamian Arabic, and has been ever since the Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and the replacement of various Eastern Aramaic languages, most notably during the Abbasid Caliphate during which Baghdad became the capital of the caliphate and the center of Islamic Golden Age.
Arabic speakers typically do not make an explicit distinction between MSA and Classical Arabic.) Modern Standard Arabic was deliberately developed in the early part of the 19th century as a modernized version of Classical Arabic. People often use a mixture of both colloquial and formal Arabic.
The gates of Baghdad (Arabic: أبواب بغداد) are the several bab, meaning gate in Arabic, connected by walls surrounding the city of Baghdad. The gates and the walls were designed to protect the city from foreign incursions. Some of the components date back to the Abbasid era, while others were preserved and renovated during the Ottoman era