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In chemistry, an electrophile is a chemical species that forms bonds with nucleophiles by accepting an electron pair. [1] Because electrophiles accept electrons, they are Lewis acids. [2] Most electrophiles are positively charged, have an atom that carries a partial positive charge, or have an atom that does not have an octet of electrons.
This is an index of lists of molecules (i.e. by year, number of atoms, etc.). Millions of molecules have existed in the universe since before the formation of Earth. Three of them, carbon dioxide, water and oxygen were necessary for the growth of life.
Chemical substance – Form of matter; List of alchemical substances; List of chemical elements; List of minerals – List of minerals with Wikipedia articles; List of named alloys; List of straight-chain alkanes; Polyatomic ion – Ion containing two or more atoms; Exotic molecule – a compound containing one or more exotic atoms
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
The following are subcategories containing chemical compounds by element. An alternative listing of inorganic compounds may be found at inorganic compounds by element . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chemical compounds by element .
Although most compounds are referred to by their IUPAC systematic names (following IUPAC nomenclature), traditional names have also been kept where they are in wide use or of significant historical interests.
This complements alternative listing at list of inorganic compounds. There is no complete list of chemical compounds since by nature the list would be infinite. Note: There are elements for which spellings may differ, such as aluminum/aluminium, sulfur/sulphur, and caesium/cesium.
For example, compared to benzene, pyrrole is more rapidly attacked by electrophiles. Pyrrole is therefore considered to be an electron-rich aromatic ring. [ 5 ] Similarly, benzene derivatives with electron-donating groups (EDGs) are attacked by electrophiles faster than in benzene. [ 6 ]