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The received "well-defined exercise of authority" is the climactic vindication of Jesus' humiliation (cf. Philippians 2:5–11) and marks a turning point in the redemptive history that the "Messiah's Kingdom" or Jesus' "king-dominion" has risen up in new power: the exercise of Jesus' "divine and saving authority". [2]
Jesus' promise here is given to the whole group of disciples (the verb is plural), [3] parallel to the promise in Matthew 16:19; Matthew 18:18. [4] The disciples' power to forgive sins is linked to the gift of the Spirit in John 20:22, and not in human power. [3]
Other parts of the New Testament, such as Mark 3:16 and 1 Corinthians 15:5, make clear that Jesus had more than only twelve followers, and that this group of twelve are the leaders of the organization. [4] The different gospels have different lists of the names of the disciples, but one fact they are agreed upon is that there were twelve.
According to these texts, Jesus says that they "will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you", [51] that "repentance and forgiveness of sins is to be proclaimed in [the Messiah's] name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem", [52] and that "if you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you retain the sins of any ...
According to W. E. Vine, this theme of "Christ as the Life" relates to John 5:26 where Jesus states: "Just as the Father has life in himself, so also he gave to his Son the possession of life in himself", reflecting the assertion of Jesus to have the power to give life, based on his relationship to the Eternal Father. [13]
Why Jesus did not do so was an important discussion in the early church. This temptation is thus theorized as a demonstration that Jesus seeking political power would have been following the will of Satan. A third theory that is popular today is to see the temptation narrative as one of Jesus not making the same mistakes as the Israelites did.
Saint John, in his gospel, uses the term also in the context of Pilate's judicial power "I have the power to crucify thee, and have power to release thee", and also in Jesus' response "Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin" (John 19:10 ...
The Catechism of the Catholic Church states: "By the expression 'He descended into Hell', the Apostles' Creed confesses that Jesus did really die and through his death for us conquered death and the devil 'who has the power of death' (Hebrews 2:14). In his human soul united to his divine person, the dead Christ went down to the realm of the dead.
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