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The cittern is one of the few metal-strung instruments known from the Renaissance period. It generally has four courses of strings (single, pairs or threes depending on design or regional variation), one or more courses being usually tuned in octaves, though instruments with more or fewer courses were made.
The cythara is a wide group of stringed instruments of medieval and Renaissance Europe, including not only the lyre and harp but also necked, string instruments. [1] In fact, unless a medieval document gives an indication that it meant a necked instrument, then it likely was referring to a lyre.
The rebec (sometimes rebecha, rebeckha, and other spellings, pronounced / ˈ r iː b ɛ k / or / ˈ r ɛ b ɛ k /) is a bowed stringed instrument of the Medieval era and the early Renaissance. In its most common form, it has a narrow boat-shaped body and one to five strings.
Lutes are stringed musical instruments that include a body and "a neck which serves both as a handle and as a means of stretching the strings beyond the body". [1]The lute family includes not only short-necked plucked lutes such as the lute, oud, pipa, guitar, citole, gittern, mandore, rubab, and gambus and long-necked plucked lutes such as banjo, tanbura, bağlama, bouzouki, veena, theorbo ...
The clavichord is a stringed rectangular keyboard instrument [1] that was used largely in the Late Middle Ages, through the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical eras. [2] Historically, it was mostly used as a practice instrument and as an aid to composition, not being loud enough for larger performances. [ 2 ]
The lira da braccio (or lyra de bracio [1]) was a European bowed string instrument of the Renaissance.It was used by Italian poet-musicians [2] in court in the 15th and 16th centuries to accompany their improvised recitations of lyric and narrative poetry. [3]
The clavichord is an example of a period instrument. In the historically informed performance movement, musicians perform classical music using restored or replicated versions of the instruments for which it was originally written. Often performances by such musicians are said to be "on authentic instruments".
A History of the Lute from Antiquity to the Renaissance. Lute Society of America ISBN 0-9714071-0-X ISBN 978-0-9714071-0-7; Spring, Matthew (2001). The Lute in Britain: A History of the Instrument and its Music. Oxford University Press. Vaccaro, Jean-Michel (1981). La musique de luth en France au XVIe siècle.