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Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field. [1] Early on there are often no symptoms. [1] Over time, however, some people experience a gradual worsening of vision that may affect one or both eyes. [1]
The initial retinal degenerative symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa are characterized by decreased night vision and the loss of the mid-peripheral visual field. [4] The rod photoreceptor cells, which are responsible for low-light vision and are orientated mainly in the retinal periphery, are the retinal processes affected first during non ...
Retinopathy is any damage to the retina of the eyes, which may cause vision impairment. [1] Retinopathy often refers to retinal vascular disease, or damage to the retina caused by abnormal blood flow. [2] Age-related macular degeneration is technically
Stargardt disease is the most common inherited single-gene retinal disease. [1] In terms of the first description of the disease, [2] it follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, which has been later linked to bi-allelic ABCA4 gene variants (STGD1).
Cone dystrophy; Fundus of a 45 year-old patient with cone rod dystrophy segregating with a loss-of-function mutation (E1087X) in ABCA4. Note the presence of various-shaped pigment deposits in the posterior pole with atrophy of the retina, while the retina appears less damaged in periphery (upper part of the photograph).
It occurs in people experiencing suppressed immune systems, most commonly by Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). [4] Diabetic Macular Edema (DME): is an eye disease specifically related to diabetes, occurring due to fluid build-up in the retina as a result of sustained high blood glucose levels. It can result in blurred vision and vision ...
Retinal detachment is typically painless, with symptoms often starting in the peripheral vision. [3] [9] [10] Symptoms of retinal detachment, as well as posterior vitreous detachment (which often, but not always, precedes it), may include: [3] [4] [9] [10] [12] Floaters suddenly appearing in the field of vision or a sudden increase in the ...
Drusen associated with aging and macular degeneration are distinct from another clinical entity, optic disc drusen, which is present on the optic nerve head. [2] Both age-related drusen and optic disc drusen can be observed by ophthalmoscopy.
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