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The history of law enforcement in the United Kingdom charts the development of law enforcement in the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It spans the period from the Middle Ages , through to the development of the first modern police force in the world in the nineteenth century, and the subsequent modernisation of policing in the ...
Caricature of Bow Street Magistrates' Court by Thomas Rowlandson, 1808. Before the passing of the Metropolitan Police Act 1829, law enforcement among the general population in England was carried out by unpaid parish constables who were elected, and later appointed by the local justice of the peace.
[nb 1] Most law enforcement duties are carried out by police constables of a territorial police force. As of 2021, there were 39 territorial police forces in England, 4 in Wales, one in Scotland, and one in Northern Ireland. [1] Each is responsible for most law enforcement and crime reduction in its police area.
Preventive police is that aspect of law enforcement intended to act as a deterrent to the commission of crime. Preventive policing is considered a defining characteristic of the modern police, typically associated with Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police, established in 1829. In recent years, however, British police have abandoned the idea ...
List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories; List of law enforcement agencies in Northern Ireland; List of law enforcement agencies in Scotland
The Police Act 1946 (9 & 10 Geo. 6.c. 46) was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that provided for the amalgamation of smaller borough police forces with county constabularies in England and Wales, allowed for the merger of county forces in certain circumstances, and changed the boundaries of the Metropolitan Police District.
"Sat on the Fence"; J. M. Staniforth. The Cardiff Watch Committee literally sits on the fence on the matter of deputising either a member of the Catholic church (represented by a bulldog) and a Protestant candidate (represented by a bull).
In late Anglo-Saxon and Norman times, hundreds were not yet established in Northern England and the Welsh border areas. Law enforcement was the responsibility of paramilitary "sergeants of the peace" under the control of local lords. [75] By the end of the 13th century, over half of all hundreds had been granted to barons, bishops, or abbeys.