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The meaning of the term time-sharing has shifted from its original usage. From 1949 to 1960, time-sharing was used to refer to multiprogramming without multiple user sessions. [6] Later, it came to mean sharing a computer interactively among multiple users.
Time-sharing was first proposed in the mid- to late-1950s and first implemented in the early 1960s. The concept was born out of the realization that a single expensive computer could be efficiently utilized by enabling multiprogramming, and, later, by allowing multiple users simultaneous interactive access. [1]
Multiprogramming gives no guarantee that a program will run in a timely manner. Indeed, the first program may very well run for hours without needing access to a peripheral. As there were no users waiting at an interactive terminal, this was no problem: users handed in a deck of punched cards to an operator, and came back a few hours later for ...
Multiprogramming does not require any cooperation between programs, as there were no interactive users anyway. If a program needed the CPU for a long time, it could use it. Time sharing is a method where all ready tasks are given a fair access to the CPU. It should be noted that, multi-tasking (aka time-sharing) is a type of multi-programming.
For example, concurrent processes can be executed on one core by interleaving the execution steps of each process via time-sharing slices: only one process runs at a time, and if it does not complete during its time slice, it is paused, another process begins or resumes, and then later the original process is resumed. In this way, multiple ...
The THE multiprogramming system or THE OS was a computer operating system designed by a team led by Edsger W. Dijkstra, described in monographs in 1965-66 [1] and published in 1968. [2] Dijkstra never named the system; "THE" is simply the abbreviation of "Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven", then the name (in Dutch ) of the Eindhoven University of ...
The Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) was the first general purpose time-sharing operating system. [2] [3] Compatible Time Sharing referred to time sharing which was compatible with batch processing; it could offer both time sharing and batch processing concurrently. CTSS was developed at the MIT Computation Center ("Comp Center").
Early time-sharing and CTSS: Christopher Strachey filed a patent application for "time-sharing" in February 1959. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] He gave a paper "Time Sharing in Large Fast Computers" at the first UNESCO Information Processing Conference in Paris in June that year, where he passed the concept on to J. C. R. Licklider .