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The history of independent tribal courts is complex and has been shaped by the federal government's policies towards Native American tribes. [5] The establishment of independent tribal courts was a result of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, which aimed to promote tribal self-government and to preserve Native American culture and traditions. [6]
Teague v. Bad River Band, 236 Wis. 2d 384 (2000) (holding that tribal courts deserve full faith and credit since they are the court of an independent sovereign; however, in order to end confusion, cases that are filed in state and tribal courts require consultation of both courts before they are decided.) Inyo County v.
This is a list of U.S. Supreme Court cases involving Native American Tribes.Included in the list are Supreme Court cases that have a major component that deals with the relationship between tribes, between a governmental entity and tribes, tribal sovereignty, tribal rights (including property, hunting, fishing, religion, etc.) and actions involving members of tribes.
In divorce cases, tribal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over divorces between Indians living in Indian country. [37] In some divorce cases involving Indians living outside Indian country, the tribal and state courts may have concurrent jurisdiction. [38] The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 provides for
San Francisco Superior Court (Commissioner: c. 1990 –2011; 2014–2015); Yurok Tribal Court (1997–present; Chief Judge: 2007–present) California: active: Dawn Baum [2] Yurok Tribal Court (appt. 2017-2023) California: deceased Jessica R. Bear (Meshwaki Nation) [3] Meskwaki Nation Tribal Court (2007–2013; Chief Judge: 2013–present) Iowa
The Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 is a law, signed into effect by President Obama, that expands the punitive abilities of tribal courts across the nation. [1] The law allows tribal courts operating in Indian country to increase jail sentences handed down in criminal cases. This was a major step toward improving enforcement and justice in ...
The Supreme Court of the Navajo Nation was originally created as the Navajo Tribal Court of Appeals on 1 April 1959 as part of the implementation of the Navajo Tribal Council's establishment of the judiciary as a separate branch of government, the "Judicial Branch of the Navajo Nation Government". [4]
Washington v. Confederated Bands and Tribes of the Yakima Indian Nation, 439 U.S. 463 (1979), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the State of Washington's imposition of partial jurisdiction over certain actions on an Indian reservation, when not requested by the tribe, was valid under Public Law 280.