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The Euclidean algorithm is based on the principle that the greatest common divisor of two numbers does not change if the larger number is replaced by its difference with the smaller number. For example, 21 is the GCD of 252 and 105 (as 252 = 21 × 12 and 105 = 21 × 5) , and the same number 21 is also the GCD of 105 and 252 − 105 = 147 .
Numbers p and q like this can be computed with the extended Euclidean algorithm. gcd(a, 0) = | a |, for a ≠ 0, since any number is a divisor of 0, and the greatest divisor of a is | a |. [2] [5] This is usually used as the base case in the Euclidean algorithm. If a divides the product b⋅c, and gcd(a, b) = d, then a/d divides c.
Visualisation of using the binary GCD algorithm to find the greatest common divisor (GCD) of 36 and 24. Thus, the GCD is 2 2 × 3 = 12.. The binary GCD algorithm, also known as Stein's algorithm or the binary Euclidean algorithm, [1] [2] is an algorithm that computes the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two nonnegative integers.
In arithmetic and computer programming, the extended Euclidean algorithm is an extension to the Euclidean algorithm, and computes, in addition to the greatest common divisor (gcd) of integers a and b, also the coefficients of Bézout's identity, which are integers x and y such that
Maximum subarray problems arise in many fields, such as genomic sequence analysis and computer vision.. Genomic sequence analysis employs maximum subarray algorithms to identify important biological segments of protein sequences that have unusual properties, by assigning scores to points within the sequence that are positive when a motif to be recognized is present, and negative when it is not ...
The following table lists the progression of the largest known prime number in ascending order. [3] Here M p = 2 p − 1 is the Mersenne number with exponent p, where p is a prime number. The longest record-holder known was M 19 = 524,287, which was the largest known prime for 144 years. No records are known prior to 1456. [citation needed]
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n - the number of input integers. If n is a small fixed number, then an exhaustive search for the solution is practical. L - the precision of the problem, stated as the number of binary place values that it takes to state the problem. If L is a small fixed number, then there are dynamic programming algorithms that can solve it exactly.