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  2. Topographic map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_map

    A topographic survey is typically based upon a systematic observation and published as a map series, made up of two or more map sheets that combine to form the whole map. A topographic map series uses a common specification that includes the range of cartographic symbols employed, as well as a standard geodetic framework that defines the map ...

  3. Free stationing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_stationing

    Topographic points or stakeout points should not be measured outside this area. If measured outside this area, the errors in orientation will be extrapolated instead of being interpolated. [6] While it is possible to use only two known control points in a resection (free stationing), it is recommended to use three control points.

  4. Position resection and intersection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_resection_and...

    Position resection and intersection are methods for determining an unknown geographic position (position finding) by measuring angles with respect to known positions.In resection, the one point with unknown coordinates is occupied and sightings are taken to the known points; in intersection, the two points with known coordinates are occupied and sightings are taken to the unknown point.

  5. The National Map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_National_Map

    The National Map is a significant contribution to the U.S. National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) from the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) and currently is being transformed to better serve the geospatial community by providing high quality, integrated geospatial data and improved products and services including new generation ...

  6. Map series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_series

    Mairie de Loevenich (), from the Topographic Survey of the Rhineland by Tranchot/Müffling, sheet 57 (published 1806/07).. A map series is a group of topographic or thematic charts or maps usually having the same scale and cartographic specifications, and with each sheet appropriately identified by its publisher as belonging to the same series.

  7. Watershed delineation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watershed_delineation

    According to the US Geological Survey, there are 5 steps to manual watershed delineation: [6] Find the point of interest along a stream on the map. This is the "watershed outlet" or "pour point." Imagine or draw surface water flow lines that point downhill perpendicular to the topographic contours (this is the steepest direction).

  8. Surveying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveying

    A surveyor using a total station A student using a theodolite in field. Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them.

  9. Cadastral surveying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadastral_surveying

    Cadastral surveying is the sub-field of cadastre and surveying that specialises in the establishment and re-establishment of real property boundaries. It involves the physical delineation of property boundaries and determination of dimensions, areas and certain rights associated with properties.