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Dealkalizers are most often used as pre-treatment to a boiler and are usually preceded by a water softener. Alkalinity is a factor that most often dictates the amount of boiler blowdown . High alkalinity promotes boiler foaming and carryover and causes high amounts of boiler blowoff.
Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes
Spent backwash water is either discharged without treatment to a sanitary sewer system or is treated and recycled within the plant. [4]: 22.37–22.40 Historically, backwash water was discharged directly to surface water supplies; however, direct discharge is now highly regulated through NPDES discharge permits and is often discouraged. Used ...
Alfa Laval Gamajet device after cleaning ketchup tank. The Butterworth Type K machine is widely used. [1] This model can clean a tank of up to 10,000,000 US gallons (38,000 m 3). [1] It uses water with a pressure up to 250 psi (1,700 kPa) and a temperature of up to 250 °F (121 °C). [1] The water jet reaches up to 115 feet (35 m). [1]
Dishwasher salt is a particular grade of granulated, crystalline sodium chloride intended for regenerating the water softener circuit of household or industrial dishwashers. Analogous to water softener salt, dishwasher salt regenerates ion exchange resins, expelling the therein trapped calcium and magnesium ions that characterize hard water.
Lime softening produces large volumes of a mixture of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide in a very finely divided white precipitate which may also contain some organic matter flocculated out of the raw water. Processing or disposal of this sludge material may be an additional cost to the process. Drying and re-calcining the waste allows ...
Borax alone does not have a high affinity for hardness cations, although it has been used for water-softening. Its chemical equation for water-softening is given below: Ca 2+ (aq) + Na 2 B 4 O 7 (aq) → CaB 4 O 7 (s)↓ + 2 Na + (aq) Mg 2+ (aq) + Na 2 B 4 O 7 (aq) → MgB 4 O 7 (s)↓ + 2 Na + (aq) The sodium ions introduced do not make water ...
A dishwasher containing clean dishes. A dishwasher is a machine that is used to clean dishware, cookware, and cutlery automatically. Unlike manual dishwashing, which relies on physical scrubbing to remove soiling, the mechanical dishwasher cleans by spraying hot water, typically between 45 and 75 °C (110 and 170 °F), at the dishes, with lower temperatures of water used for delicate items.