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The generic term used by the International Union of Railways for the technology is overhead line. [1] It is known variously as overhead catenary, overhead contact line (OCL), overhead contact system (OCS), overhead equipment (OHE), overhead line equipment (OLE or OHLE), overhead lines (OHL), overhead wiring (OHW), traction wire, and trolley wire.
Overhead lines or overhead wires are used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses or trains. Overhead line is designed on the principle of one or more overhead wires situated over rail tracks. Feeder stations at regular intervals along the overhead line supply power from the high-voltage grid.
A three phase electric circuit terminated with a pothead Crossarms with two three phase electric circuits terminated with potheads. A pothead is a type of insulated electrical terminal used for transitioning between overhead line and underground high-voltage cable or for connecting overhead wiring to equipment like transformers. [1]
An Amtrak catenary maintenance vehicle. Both a crane and a movable platform can be seen on the vehicle's roof. A catenary maintenance vehicle (also known as a tower wagon or tower car) is a railroad maintenance of way vehicle that is used to maintain and inspect overhead line (also known as catenary) on electrified railroad or metro tracks.
Lowering the current reduces the ohmic losses and allows for less bulky, lighter overhead line equipment and more spacing between traction substations, while maintaining power capacity of the system. On the other hand, the higher voltage requires larger isolation gaps, requiring some elements of infrastructure to be larger.
Long-distance transmission is typically done with overhead lines at voltages of 115 to 1,200 kV. At higher voltages, where more than 2,000 kV exists between conductor and ground, corona discharge losses are so large that they can offset the lower resistive losses in the line conductors.
Termination tower (overhead line to underground cable) Future termination tower of a 110 kV-line while joins are installed. A special kind of a dead-end tower is a termination pylon, also called a terminal tower. It is used when the overhead power line terminates, and is connected to substation equipment, or transitions to underground cable.
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