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The hydrogen anion, H −, is a negative ion of hydrogen, that is, a hydrogen atom that has captured an extra electron. The hydrogen anion is an important constituent of the atmosphere of stars, such as the Sun. In chemistry, this ion is called hydride. The ion has two electrons bound by the electromagnetic force to a nucleus containing one proton.
The hydrogen anion, with its loosely held two-electron cloud, has a larger radius than the neutral atom, which in turn is much larger than the bare proton of the cation. Hydrogen forms the only cation that has no electrons, but even cations that (unlike hydrogen) still retain one or more electrons are still smaller than the neutral atoms or ...
A zwitterion is a neutral molecule with positive and negative charges at different locations within that molecule. [17] Cations and anions are measured by their ionic radius and they differ in relative size: "Cations are small, most of them less than 10 −10 m (10 −8 cm) in radius. But most anions are large, as is the most common Earth anion ...
In a galvanic cell the anode is the wire or plate having excess negative charge as a result of the oxidation reaction. In an electrolytic cell, the anode is the wire or plate upon which excess positive charge is imposed. [2] As a result of this, anions will tend to move towards the anode where they will undergo oxidation.
Calculating the anion gap is clinically useful because it helps in the differential diagnosis of a number of disease states. [citation needed] The total number of cations (positive ions) should be equal to the total number of anions (negative ions), so that the overall electrical charge is neutral.
The anions in compounds with bonds with the most ionic character tend to be colorless (with an absorption band in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum). [81] In compounds with less ionic character, their color deepens through yellow, orange, red, and black (as the absorption band shifts to longer wavelengths into the visible spectrum).
Atoms whose anions are more stable than neutral atoms have a greater E ea. Chlorine most strongly attracts extra electrons; neon most weakly attracts an extra electron. The electron affinities of the noble gases have not been conclusively measured, so they may or may not have slightly negative values.
In addition, the reason why negative air ions can maintain a high concentration for a long time in forests and some areas covered by green vegetation is that the oxygen concentration released by vegetation during photosynthesis is much higher than that in cities, and a large amount of water vapor is released through respiration and leaf ...