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The Classical education movement advocates a form of education based in the traditions of Western culture, with a particular focus on education as understood and taught in the Middle Ages. The term "classical education" has been used in English for several centuries, with each era modifying the definition and adding its own selection of topics.
Perennialism was originally religious in nature, developed first by Thomas Aquinas in the thirteenth century in his work (On the Teacher). In the nineteenth century, John Henry Newman presented a defense of religious perennialism in The Idea of a University. Discourse 5 of that work, "Knowledge Its Own End", is a recent statement of a Christian ...
There is an interactive workshop for teachers, "The Aesthetic Realism Teaching Method", and classes in poetry, anthropology, art, music, and "Understanding Marriage." [30] [31] Ellen Reiss is the Aesthetic Realism Chairman of Education, appointed by Eli Siegel in 1977.
Constructivism in education is rooted in epistemology, a theory of knowledge concerned with the logical categories of knowledge and its justification. [3] It acknowledges that learners bring prior knowledge and experiences shaped by their social and cultural environment and that learning is a process of students "constructing" knowledge based on their experiences.
Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. André Kukla (2000), Social Constructivism and the Philosophy of Science, London: Routledge ISBN 0-415-23419-0 ISBN 978-0-415-23419-1; Nystrand, M. (1996). Opening dialogue: Understanding the dynamics of language and learning in the English classroom. New York: Teachers College Press.
The doctrine here developed is the first cardinal point of Herbart's system, [3] and the name pluralistic realism has been proposed for it by Otto Pfleiderer. [ 6 ] The contradictions he finds in the common-sense conception of inherence, or of a thing with several attributes, will now become obvious.
These needs require an educator who is academically well-qualified with an appreciation for learning and development. The teacher must control the students with distributions of rewards and penalties. [4] It has been argued that recent teacher education policies in some countries extend essentialism to teacher education policy frameworks. [5]
Critical pedagogy advocates insist that teachers themselves are vital to the discussion about Standards-based education reform in the United States because a pedagogy that requires a student to learn or a teacher to teach externally imposed information exemplifies the banking model of education outlined by Freire where the structures of ...