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The genus Phoneutria includes some of the relatively few species of spiders known to present a threat to humans. Danger to humans does not only comprise toxicity, but also factors such as the spider's capacity to deliver a sufficient dose of venom, a disposition that makes a bite likely, and proximity to human habitation. These spiders ...
A commonly used alternative name for U 7-CNTX-Pn1a is PnTx3-5, which is an acronym for Phoneutria nigriventer Toxin 3–5. Here, 3 refers to it being part of the third toxic protein fraction that was isolated from the venom using a technique involving a combination of gel filtration and reverse phase fast protein liquid chromatography . [ 2 ]
The term ‘ctenitoxin’ in U24-ctenitoxin-Pn1a refers to toxins found in the venom of spiders from the Ctenidae family. ‘Pn’ is an acronym for Phoneutria nigriventer referring to the genus and species of the animal it was first isolated from.
Biting is a last resort and the amount of venom injected varies greatly. Spider venom toxicity can be evaluated in experimental animals, or reported from accidental bites. Different experimental animals have different reactions to the same venom. The dose that is lethal to half of the animals poisoned is the LD50 and those values for mice is below.
Phoneutria nigriventer is a species of medically-significant spider in the family Ctenidae, found in the Southern Cone of South America (Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina). [1] Along with other members of the genus, they are often referred to as Brazilian wandering spiders .
Phoneutria nigriventer toxin-3 is more commonly referred to as PhTx3. The PhTx3 neurotoxin is a broad-spectrum calcium channel blocker that inhibits glutamate release, calcium uptake and also glutamate uptake in synaptosomes . [ 1 ]
Approximately 10% of bites lead to serious symptoms for a total of 3–4 severe envenomations annually. [10] [11] [12] Range of the two genera (Hadronyche and Atrax) of venomous Australian funnel-web spiders. A. robustus is one of three designated species of the genus Atrax (the others being A. yorkmainorum and A. sutherlandii).
Phoneutria bahiensis is a species of spider in the family Ctenidae, found in Brazil. [1] It is known in Brazilian Portuguese as armadeira da Bahia (Bahia armed spider ...