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Solid modeling (or solid modelling) is a consistent set of principles for mathematical and computer modeling of three-dimensional shapes . Solid modeling is distinguished within the broader related areas of geometric modeling and computer graphics , such as 3D modeling , by its emphasis on physical fidelity. [ 1 ]
Constructive solid geometry (CSG; formerly called computational binary solid geometry) is a technique used in solid modeling. Constructive solid geometry allows a modeler to create a complex surface or object by using Boolean operators to combine simpler objects, [ 1 ] potentially generating visually complex objects by combining a few primitive ...
Boundary representation has also been extended to allow special, non-solid model types called non-manifold models. As described by Braid, normal solids found in nature have the property that, at every point on the boundary, a small enough sphere around the point is divided into two pieces, one inside and one outside the object.
There are a number of modeling techniques, including: Constructive solid geometry; Implicit surfaces; Subdivision surfaces; Modeling can be performed by means of a dedicated program (e.g., 3D modeling software by Adobe Substance, Blender, Cinema 4D, LightWave, Maya, Modo, 3ds Max) or an application component (Shaper, Lofter in 3ds Max), or some ...
Ray-cast image of idealized universal joint with shadow. Ray casting is the methodological basis for 3D CAD/CAM solid modeling and image rendering. It is essentially the same as ray tracing for computer graphics where virtual light rays are "cast" or "traced" on their path from the focal point of a camera through each pixel in the camera sensor to determine what is visible along the ray in the ...
Basic 3D solids do not usually include tools to easily allow the motion of the components, set their limits to their motion, or identify interference between components. There are several types of 3D solid modeling. Parametric modeling allows the operator to use what is referred to as "design intent". The objects and features are created ...
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Geometric modeling is a branch of applied mathematics and computational geometry that studies methods and algorithms for the mathematical description of shapes.The shapes studied in geometric modeling are mostly two- or three-dimensional (solid figures), although many of its tools and principles can be applied to sets of any finite dimension.