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What was taught to druid novices anywhere is conjecture: of the druids' oral literature, not one certifiably ancient verse is known to have survived, even in translation. All instruction was communicated orally, but for ordinary purposes, Caesar reports, [ 31 ] the Gauls had a written language in which they used Greek letters.
Continental Celts were the Celtic peoples that inhabited mainland Europe.In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, Celts inhabited a large part of mainland Western Europe and large parts of Western Southern Europe (Iberian Peninsula), southern Central Europe and some regions of the Balkans and Anatolia.
Articles about druids, members of the high-ranking class in ancient Celtic cultures. Perhaps best remembered as religious leaders, they were also legal authorities, adjudicators, lorekeepers, medical professionals and political advisors.
Steve Blamires (Scotland, b. 1955), researcher and historian in the fields of neopaganism, Celtic spirituality and folklore; Isaac Bonewits (US, 1949-2010) Philip Carr-Gomm (British) Ossian D'Ambrosio (Italian, born 1970), musician, founder of the Cerchio Druidico Italiano; Robert Lee "Skip" Ellison (US) Jean Le Fustec Breton Grand Druid from ...
Handbook to life in ancient Rome (Updated ed.). New York: Facts on file. p. 283. ISBN 0-8160-5026-0. Anwyl, Edward (1906). Celtic Religion in Pre-Christian Times. Andover-Harvard Theological Library. Arenas-Esteban, J. Alberto (2010). Celtic religion across space and time: fontes epigraphici religionvm celticarvm antiqvarvm. Toledo: Junta de ...
Individual Druids and the groups that they practice with are allowed to decide their own pantheons. Many members follow Celtic pantheons, usually relating to the four pre-Christian Celtic nations of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, as well as related beliefs and practices, such as ancestral worship, [30] naturism, [31] polytheism and ...
Celtic literary tradition begins with Old Irish texts around the 8th century AD. Elements of Celtic mythology are recorded in early Irish and early Welsh literature. Most written evidence of the early Celts comes from Greco-Roman writers, who often grouped the Celts as barbarian tribes. They followed an ancient Celtic religion overseen by druids.
In their subject matter and techniques, the seanachie are considered the inheritors of the ancient Irish tradition of oral literature. [Web 2] The modern Irish and Scottish Gaelic words for "poet" are derived from fili. Old Irish: fili, plural filid; Modern Irish: file, plural filí [y] Scottish Gaelic: filidh, plural filidhean; Manx Gaelic: feelee