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In some the released animal is a crocodile, in some a snake, [5] a tiger [6] and in others a wolf. Folklorist Joseph Jacobs stated that the tale can be found in early Indian sources. [ 7 ] Some variants are very old, going back at least to the Panchatantra or Fables of Bidpai [ citation needed ] and the Jataka tales .
One Thousand and One Nights, also known as "the Arabian Nights", is a collection of Middle Eastern folktales; The Daredevils of Sassoun, an Armenian folk epic; The Knight in the Panther's Skin, a Georgian epic poem; Epic of Gilgamesh, the oldest epic of the world from Mesopotamia; The Hebrew Bible
Sigrid Schmidt created a whole system of classification for Khoisan folktales. Tale type 707, in this system, was numbered KH 1125 and named "The mother of the boy(s) with a moon on his chest or forehead was banished but finally she was allowed back".
"The Crown Returns to the Queen of the Fishes". Illustration by H. J. Ford for Andrew Lang's The Orange Fairy Book Folio Society editions of the Coloured Fairy Books. The best-known volumes of the series are the 12 Fairy Books, each of which is distinguished by its own color.
Many of the tales such as, Coyote and the Pebbles and Rabbit and the Tug-of-War depict the trickster in a more well-known form of a coyote or rabbit. [6] Lesser known characters are depicted as the trickster throughout the remaining stories such as the raven in Raven the Trickster and the racoon in Espun and Grandfather. [6]
The oldest European version appears in the medieval collection of short stories Novellino. [8] French author and conteuse Henriette-Julie de Murat wrote a literary version of the tale type, named Le Père et ses quatre fils ("The Father and His Four Sons"). [9] [10] A Czech variant, The Four Brothers, was translated by A. H. Wratislaw. [11]
"The Twelve Months" is a Czech fairy tale, which was first mentioned by a Czech writer, scholar, physician, lexicographer, canon of the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague and a master of the University of Prague in the 14th century - mistr Klaret/Bartoloměj z Chlumce, [1] who mentions the fairy tale as a preaching exemplum.
Martin, Laura. ‘The Kind and the Unkind Girls’. 533 -535. The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales: Volume 2: G-P. Greenwood Press, 2007. Opie, Iona and Peter. The Classic Fairy Tales 98-102. Oxford University Press, 1974. Roberts, Warren E. The Tale of the Kind and Unkind Girls: AA-TH 480 and Related Tales.