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The two great economic revolutions that marked human history up to 1900—the agricultural and industrial revolutions—greatly increased the Earth's human carrying capacity, allowing human population to grow from 5 to 10 million people in 10,000 BCE to 1.5 billion in 1900. [44]
Harm's Way promoted the album with music videos for "Become a Machine" [7] and "Last Man", [8] and online streams of "Human Carrying Capacity" and "Call My Name". [9] Critics generally gave Posthuman favorable reviews, with several reviewers noticing an increased emphasis on industrial metal and nu metal over previous releases.
The belief that global population levels will become too large to sustain is a point of contentious debate. Those who believe global human overpopulation to be a valid concern, argue that increased levels of resource consumption and pollution exceed the environment's carrying capacity, leading to population overshoot. [18]
Since global hectares is able to convert human consumptions like food and water into a measurement, biocapacity can be applied to determine the carrying capacity of the Earth. Likewise, because an economy is tied to various production factors such as natural resources, biocapacity can also be applied to determine human capital. [12]
These were the references William R. Catton used in a 2008 "retrospective" [8] portraying his paradigm shift into environmental sociology. William Catton came of age in sociology when the major debates were about social-only theoretical orientations (structural-functionalism or consensus theory versus Marxism or conflict theory), and methodology (quantitative versus qualitative). [9]
Many studies have tried to estimate the world's sustainable population for humans, that is, the maximum population the world can host. [5] A 2004 meta-analysis of 69 such studies from 1694 until 2001 found the average predicted maximum number of people the Earth would ever have was 7.7 billion people, with lower and upper meta-bounds at 0.65 and 9.8 billion people, respectively.
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Carrying capacity, the population size of a species that its environment can sustain; Capacity planning, the process of determining the production resources needed to meet product demand; Capacity building, strengthening the skills, competencies and abilities of developing societies; Productive capacity, the maximum possible output of an economy