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Within the Internet email system, a message transfer agent (MTA), [1] mail transfer agent, [2] or mail relay is software that transfers electronic mail messages from one computer to another using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. [3] In some contexts, the alternative names mail server, mail exchanger, or MX host are used to describe an MTA.
A message submission agent (MSA), or mail submission agent, is a computer program or software agent that receives electronic mail messages from a mail user agent (MUA) and cooperates with a mail transfer agent (MTA) for delivery of the mail. It uses ESMTP, a variant of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), as specified in RFC 6409. [1]
X.400 is a suite of ITU-T recommendations that define the ITU-T Message Handling System (MHS).. At one time, the designers of X.400 were expecting it to be the predominant form of email, but this role has been taken by the SMTP-based Internet e-mail. [1]
An e-mail agent is a program that is part of the e-mail infrastructure, from composition by sender, to transfer across the network, to viewing by recipient. The best-known are message user agents (MUAs, aka, e-mail clients) and message transfer agents (MTAs, programs that transfer e-mail between clients), but finer divisions exist.
Path: news.server.example!other.example!not-for-mail. The same information in an RFC 5321 e-mail envelope - that is the SMTP info like MAIL FROM - would be: MAIL FROM:<not-for-mail@other.example> MAIL FROM:<@news.server.example:not-for-mail@other.example> The 1st step reflects the sender, the 2nd step the next MTA, etc.
The client in this case would typically be an Internet-facing mail gateway. LMTP is not intended for use over wide area networks. In other words, the message transfer agent (MTA) still handles all outgoing mail, including the mail stream from the LMTP, to another mail server located somewhere on the Internet.
Greylisting is a method of defending e-mail users against spam. A mail transfer agent (MTA) using greylisting will "temporarily reject" any email from a sender it does not recognize. If the mail is legitimate, the originating server will try again after a delay, and if sufficient time has elapsed, the email will be accepted.