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The name comes from the Greek tûphos (τῦφος), meaning 'hazy' or 'smoky' and commonly used as a word for delusion, describing the state of mind of those infected. [7] While typhoid means 'typhus-like', typhus and typhoid fever are distinct diseases caused by different types of bacteria, the latter by specific strains of Salmonella typhi. [8]
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella typhi. [2] [3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. [4] [5] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. [4]
Francisco Hernández de Toledo, a Spanish physician, insisted on using the Nahuatl word when describing the disease to correspondents in the Old World. [19] In 1970, a historian named Germaine Somolinos d'Ardois looked systematically at the proposed explanations, including hemorrhagic influenza, leptospirosis , malaria , typhus, typhoid , and ...
Outbreaks of typhoid fever are also frequently reported from sub-Saharan Africa and countries in Southeast Asia. [5] [6] [7] In the United States, about 400 cases occur each year, and 75% of these are acquired while traveling internationally. [8] [9] Historically, before the antibiotic era, the case fatality rate of typhoid
Typhoid is contracted by drinking or eating contaminated matter and symptoms include nausea, fever, abdominal pain and pink spots on the chest. Drug-resistant 'superbug' strain of typhoid spreads ...
Typhoid fever: Yes: Rickettsia: Typhus fever: No Ureaplasma urealyticum: Ureaplasma urealyticum infection No Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. [41] Valley fever: No Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: Venezuelan equine encephalitis: No Guanarito virus: Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever: No Vibrio vulnificus: Vibrio vulnificus ...
Typhoid fever causes 11 million infections and more than 100,000 deaths per year, and is most prevalent in south Asia – which accounts for 70% of the global disease burden.
Documented Nahuatl words in the Spanish language (mostly as spoken in Mexico and Mesoamerica), also called Nahuatlismos include an extensive list of words that represent (i) animals, (ii) plants, fruit and vegetables, (iii) foods and beverages, and (iv) domestic appliances. Many of these words end with the absolutive suffix "-tl" in Nahuatl.