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The flagellation of Jesus ("Trial Before Pilate (Including the 39 Lashes)") is a climactic event in the rock musical Jesus Christ Superstar. [14] [circular reference] Modern filmmakers have also depicted Christ being flogged. It is a significant scene in Mel Gibson's 2004 The Passion of the Christ.
Flagellation (Latin flagellum, 'whip'), flogging or whipping is the act of beating the human body with special implements such as whips, rods, switches, the cat o' nine tails, the sjambok, the knout, etc. Typically, flogging has been imposed on an unwilling subject as a punishment; however, it can also be submitted to willingly and even done by ...
The cat o' nine tails, commonly shortened to the cat, is a type of multi-tailed whip or flail.It originated as an implement for physical punishment, particularly in the Royal Navy and British Army, and as a judicial punishment in Britain and some other countries.
The whip(s), in Germany often birches, used for the 39 lashes; The Holy Sponge set on a reed, with which gall and vinegar were offered to Jesus; The Holy Lance with which a Roman soldier inflicted the final of the Five Wounds in his side; The Nails, inflicting four wounds on the hands and feet; The Veil of Veronica; Other common ones are:
It was a common practice in the Middle Ages for men to whip themselves on the back 39 times. [17] However, since biblical times Judaism has largely considered Yom Kippur as a day of spiritual atonement achieved through fasting, introspection, and other interpretations of the commandment "afflict your souls" that do not involve bodily self-harm.
In the Roman Empire, the maximum penalty which a Roman citizen could receive under the law was 40 "lashes" or 40 "strokes" with a whip which was applied to the back and shoulders, or 40 lashes or strokes with the "fasces" (similar to a birch rod, but consisting of 8–10 lengths of willow rather than birch) which were applied to the buttocks ...
In Alabama, the penalties for forging a slave pass were 39 lashes with a whip if the culprit was a free person, and 50 or 100 lashes for an enslaved person, depending on whether it was a first or second offense. [7]
In 1781, Washington requested legal authority from the Continental Congress to impose up to 500 lashes, as there was still a punishment gap between 100 lashes and the death penalty. [70] The Founders believed whipping and other forms of corporal punishment effectively promoted pro-social and discouraged anti-social behavior.