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The normal cup-to-disc ratio is less than 0.5. A large cup-to-disc ratio may imply glaucoma or other pathology. [3] However, cupping by itself is not indicative of glaucoma. Rather, it is an increase in cupping as the patient ages that is an indicator for glaucoma. Deep but stable cupping can occur due to hereditary factors without glaucoma.
Conversely, optic nerve damage may occur with normal pressure, known as normal-tension glaucoma. [27] In case of above-normal intraocular pressure, the mechanism of open-angle glaucoma is believed to be the impeded exit of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork, while in closed-angle glaucoma the iris blocks the trabecular meshwork. [ 2 ]
Over many years, glaucoma has been defined by an intraocular pressure of more than 20 mm Hg. Incompatible with this (now obsolete) definition of glaucoma was the ever larger number of cases that have been reported in medical literature in the 1980s and 1990s who had the typical signs of glaucomatous damage, like optic nerve head excavation and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, while ...
Normal fundus photographs of the left eye (left image) and right eye (right image), seen from front so that left in each image is to the person's right. Each fundus has no sign of disease or pathology. The gaze is into the camera, so in each picture the macula is in the center of the image, and the optic disk is located towards the nose. Both ...
Schematic diagram of the human eye, with the optic disc, or blind spot, at the lower left. Shown is a horizontal cross section of the right eye, viewed from above. A normal optic disc is orange to pink in colour and may vary based on ethnicity. [3] A pale disc is an optic disc which varies in colour from a pale pink or orange colour to white. A ...
Since OCT is not influenced by disc size, it can be used in differentiating normal and glaucomatous eyes with large discs. [6] Since the clinical appearance of megalopapilla resembles that of glaucomatous optic disc, it should be differentiated from Normal tension glaucoma and other pseudo-glaucomatous diseases. [6]
Dementia is a devastating condition that impacts up to 10 percent of older adults. And while there's no cure, getting diagnosed early can help patients get on a treatment plan and families prepare ...
[3] [20] The result of either 'Outside Normal Limits' (significant difference in superior and inferior fields), 'Borderline' (suspicious differences) or 'Within Normal Limits' (no differences) is only considered when the patient has, or is a suspect for, glaucoma. [20] This is only available in 30-2 and 24-2 analyser protocol. [3]