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The tables below contain a sample list of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine analogs that are commonly prescribed, with their basic pharmacological characteristics, such as half-life and equivalent doses to other benzodiazepines, also listed, along with their trade names and primary uses.
Flurazepam [2] (marketed under the brand names Dalmane and Dalmadorm) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It produces a metabolite with a long half-life, which may stay in the bloodstream for days. [3]
The elimination half-life of nitrazepam is 40 hours in the elderly and 29 hours in younger adults. [36] [37] Nitrazepam is commonly taken in overdose by drug abusers or suicidal individuals, sometimes leading to death. [38] [39] [40] Nitrazepam is teratogenic if taken in overdose during pregnancy with 30% of births showing congenital ...
In the United States, it is used to treat schizophrenia for people aged 13 years and older, as well as depressive episodes of bipolar disorder age 10 and over as a monotherapy, and in conjunction with lithium or valproate in adults. [24] In July 2013, lurasidone received approval for bipolar I depression. [25] [26] [27] [28]
[6] [33] Diazepam is the most commonly used benzodiazepine for "tapering" benzodiazepine dependence due to the drug's comparatively long half-life, allowing for more efficient dose reduction. Benzodiazepines have a relatively low toxicity in overdose. [20] Diazepam has several uses, including:
Gradual and careful reduction of the dosage, preferably with a long-acting benzodiazepine with long half-life active metabolites, such as chlordiazepoxide or diazepam, are recommended to prevent severe withdrawal syndromes from developing. Other hypnotic benzodiazepines are not recommended. [48]
Clorazepate is a long-acting benzodiazepine drug. [10] Clorazepate produces the active metabolite desmethyl-diazepam, which is a partial agonist of the GABA A receptor and has a half life of 20–179 hours; a small amount of desmethyldiazepam is further metabolised into oxazepam.
Quazepam has fewer side effects than other benzodiazepines and less potential to induce tolerance and rebound effects. [14] [15] There is significantly less potential for quazepam to induce respiratory depression or to adversely affect motor coordination than other benzodiazepines. [16]