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Time of flight of a light pulse reflecting off a target. A time-of-flight camera (ToF camera), also known as time-of-flight sensor (ToF sensor), is a range imaging camera system for measuring distances between the camera and the subject for each point of the image based on time-of-flight, the round trip time of an artificial light signal, as provided by a laser or an LED.
Lidar (/ ˈ l aɪ d ɑːr /, also LIDAR, an acronym of "light detection and ranging" [1] or "laser imaging, detection, and ranging" [2]) is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the receiver.
LiDAR system emits pulsed and continuous-wave lasers to acquire 3-D information. The laser scanner is the main component of LiDAR. Lasers with a wavelength of 550-600 nm are used on a ground-based system (handheld laser scanning and terrestrial laser scanning), whereas airborne systems use lasers with 1000-1600 nm wavelength. [19]
Terrestrial lidar systems cost around €300,000. Systems using regular still cameras mounted on RC helicopters (Photogrammetry) are also possible, and cost around €25,000. Systems that use still cameras with balloons are even cheaper (around €2,500), but require additional manual processing.
This LIDAR scanner may be used to scan buildings, rock formations, etc., to produce a 3D model. The LIDAR can aim its laser beam in a wide range: its head rotates horizontally, a mirror flips vertically. The laser beam is used to measure the distance to the first object on its path.
Lidar can also provide archaeologists with the ability to create high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) of archaeological sites that can reveal micro-topography that are otherwise hidden by vegetation. Lidar-derived products can be easily integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) for analysis and interpretation.
The TriDAR sensor is a hybrid 3D camera that combines auto-synchronous laser triangulation technology with laser radar (LIDAR) in a single optical package. This configuration takes advantage of the complementary nature of these two imaging technologies to provide 3D data at both short and long range without compromising on performance. [ 9 ]
A structured-light 3D scanner is a device used to capture the three-dimensional shape of an object by projecting light patterns—such as grids or stripes, onto its surface. [1] The deformation of these patterns is recorded by cameras and processed using specialized algorithms to generate a detailed 3D model .