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A vault toilet is a non-flush toilet with a sealed container (or vault) buried in the ground to receive the excreta, all of which is contained underground until it is removed by pumping. A vault toilet is distinguished from a pit latrine because the waste accumulates in the vault instead of seeping into the underlying soil.
The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell sick or died prematurely.
The museum covers the toilet from prehistoric times to the present day and related topics, including the dressing room and clothes worn to clean toilets. [5] Exhibits are arranged sequentially, dividing history into primitive society, antiquity, the Middle Ages, Renaissance, 17th–20th century, modernity, and art water closets.
[D] The term "outhouse" is used in North American English for the structure over a toilet, usually a pit latrine ("long-drop"). However, in British English "outhouse" means any outbuilding, including such as a shed or barn. [50] In Australia and parts of Canada an outdoor toilet is known as a "dunny". "Privy", an archaic variant of "private ...
Nowadays, the word "toilet" is more commonly used than "latrine", except when referring to simple systems like "pit latrines" or "trench latrines". [3] The use of latrines was a major advancement in sanitation over more basic practices such as open defecation, and helped control the spread of many waterborne diseases. However, unsafe defecation ...
Bathrooms are generally categorized as "master bathroom", containing a shower and a bathtub that is adjoining to the largest bedroom; a "full bathroom" (or "full bath"), containing four plumbing fixtures: a toilet and sink, and either a bathtub with a shower, or a bathtub and a separate shower stall; "half bath" (or "powder room") containing ...
A low-flush toilet (or low-flow toilet or high-efficiency toilet) is a flush toilet that uses significantly less water than traditional high-flow toilets. Before the early 1990s in the United States, standard flush toilets typically required at least 3.5 gallons (13.2 litres) per flush and they used float valves that often leaked, increasing their total water use.
Joseph Bramah was the second son in the family of Joseph Bramma (note the different spelling of the surname), a farmer, and his wife, Mary Denton. [2] He was educated at the local school in Silkstone in South Yorkshire, and on leaving school he was apprenticed to a local carpenter.