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The 8.8 cm KwK 36 was derived from the 8.8 cm Flak 36 anti-aircraft gun by adapting/modifying it to the limited space available in tank turrets. Parts of the KwK 36 were built to practically the same design as the 75-millimetre (3.0 in) and 50-millimetre (2.0 in) guns already used in German tanks.
The name of the gun applies to a series of related guns, the first one officially called the 8.8 cm Flak 18, the improved 8.8 cm Flak 36, and later the 8.8 cm Flak 37. [ N 2 ] Flak is a contraction of German Flugabwehrkanone (also referred to as Fliegerabwehrkanone ) [ 11 ] [ N 3 ] meaning "aircraft-defense cannon", the original purpose of the ...
The 8.8 cm SK C/31 gun weighed 4,255 kilograms (9,381 lb), had an overall length of 6.87 meters (22 ft 6 in) and its bore length was 6.341 meters (20 ft 9.6 in). It used a vertical sliding-block breech design. The gun was normally on the twin gun carriage (German: Doppel Lafette or abbreviated Dopp. L) C/31, the mount plus guns weighed 27,300 ...
The SK C/30 had a barrel and breech end-piece with a half-length loose liner and a vertical sliding breech block. The SK C/30 guns were mounted on a hand-operated MPLC/30 mounting that had a total weight of 5,760 kilograms (12,700 lb) including a 15–10 millimetres (0.59–0.39 in) shield and a fuze-setting machine.
The 8.8 cm SK L/35 was a widely used naval gun on many classes of World War I battleships, cruisers and torpedo boats in both casemates and turrets. Its primary use on battleships and cruisers was as an anti-torpedo boat gun, while on torpedo boats it was their secondary armament. Ship classes that carried the 8.8 cm SK L/35 include:
At 6.24 m (20.5 ft), the length of the KwK 43's barrel was over 1.3 metres longer than of that of the 8.8 cm KwK 36 used for the Tiger I.The cartridge of the KwK 43's shell was also considerably longer (at 82.2 centimetres (32.4 in)) and wider than that of the KwK 36's, meaning that the KwK 43 allows for more room for a heavier propellant charge in its cartridge case than the KwK 36 could.
It was designed to replace the older 8.8 cm SK L/45 naval guns on German light cruisers. The SK C/32in variant of the gun had a loose two-part barrel with vertical sliding-block and was carried on a modified twin 10.5 cm Dopp L C/37 mounting and was intended for the unbuilt M-class cruiser .
Eventually these guns were replaced by the new 8.8 cm SK C/31 naval gun, 8.8 cm SK C/32 naval gun or the 10.5 cm Flak 38, with most ships being refitted by 1939. [ 6 ] During the 1930s surviving SK L/45 guns were modified to use the same ammunition as the 8.8 cm SK C/30 naval gun and had similar performance.