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The National Personnel Authority (人事院, Jinji-in), also abbreviated NPA, is a Japanese administrative agency.In order to ensure fairness, neutrality and uniformity in the personnel management of national civil servants and fulfill the function of compensating for restrictions on basic labor rights, it is an administrative committee that enacts, amends and abolishes rules of the National ...
The Japanese civil service employs over three million employees, with the Japan Self-Defense Forces, with 247,000 personnel, being the biggest branch.In the post-war period, this figure has been even higher, but the privatization of a large number of public corporations since the 1980s, including NTT, Japanese National Railways, and Japan Post, already reduced the number.
Marunouchi headquarters for the Mitsubishi zaibatsu, 1909. Zaibatsu (財閥, lit. ' asset clique ') is a Japanese term referring to industrial and financial vertically integrated business conglomerates in the Empire of Japan, whose influence and size allowed control over significant parts of the Japanese economy from the Meiji period to World War II.
This is a list of salaries of heads of state and government per year, ... Japan: 3,075,316 USD royal grant 316,521 USD (Prime Minister) [15] [32] [81]
Zaibatsu — Japanese conglomerate companies of the Empire of Japan. All zaibatsu were disestablished the end of WW II in 1945. Some were reformed as keiretsu and/or present day conglomerate companies.
Under the Labour Standards Act of 1947 article 20, an employer must usually give 30 days' notice before dismissal, or pay in lieu of notice. An employee is permitted to resign at any time (usually two weeks' notice is required). [21] An employer must only dismiss an employee for rational, reasonable, and socially acceptable reason.
The seniority-wage system (年功序列, Nenkō joretsu) is the Japanese system of promoting an employee in order of his or her proximity to retirement. [1] The advantage of the system is that it allows older employees to achieve a higher salary level before retirement and that it usually brings more experience to the executive ranks.
The word originates from the Sino-Japanese term zaibatsu (財閥), where 財 means 'wealth' and 閥 means 'clan'. [9] The Japanese zaibatsu dominated their economy from 1868 until they were dissolved under the American Occupation of Japan in 1945. The rise and proliferation of the Korean chaebol resembles the Japanese zaibatsu at their peak.